Switching Regulator - Part 7

Switching Regulator Types:

Basic components in the Switching regulator is

• Inductor -Storage element
• Capacitor - Filtering element
• Switch - Controls the power transferred to Output

Placement of the storage elements in reference to the switching elements and their quantities generally determines the type of switching supply configuration.

Buck Converter: 

It is also known as step down converter. It is most commonly used switching regulator. It is used to lower the input dc voltage. The output dc voltage always less than input dc voltage.

Boost Converter:

It is also known as step up converter. The output DC voltage is higher than the input DC voltage. Linear regulators cannot produce this feature.

Buck-Boost Converter:

The buck-boost or inverting regulator produces a dc voltage that's above,below, or opposite in polarity to the input.

SEPIC Converter:

The single ended primary inductor converter is similar to a traditional buck-boost converter. The output voltage can be greater than, less than or equal to the input voltage. This converter also capable of true shutdown. When switch is off the output voltage is zero.

CUK Converter:

The CUK converter’s output voltage can be greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude.It uses a capacitor as its main energy-storage component. By using inductors on the input and output, the CUK converter produces very little input and output current ripple. And, it has minimized electromagnetic interference (EMI) radiation.

Charge Pump:

The switched capacitor regulator uses capacitors as energy storage elements to create a higher or lower voltage. It can generate arbitrary voltages, depending on the controller and circuit topology. Charge pumps can double, triple, halve, invert, or fractionally multiply or scale voltages such as x3/2, x4/3, and x2/3. It also can provide multiple outputs.

Flyback Converter:

The flyback converter is the most versatile of all the topologies. It allows for one or more output voltages, some of which may be opposite in polarity. Additionally, it is very popular in battery-powered systems. It provides isolation as well.

Forward converter:

The forward converter is a buck regulator with a transformer inserted between the buck switch and the load. It provides both higher and lower voltage outputs as well as isolation. It also might be more energy efficient than a flyback converter.

Push-Pull Converter:

The push-pull converter is a forward converter with two primaries . It can generate multiple output voltages, some of which may be negative in polarity. It provides isolation as well. However, it requires very good matching of the switch transistors to prevent unequal ON times.

Half-bridge Converter:

The half-bridge converter is usually operated directly from the ac line. The switch transistor drive circuitry must be isolated from the transistors, requiring the use of base drive transformers.

Full-bridge Converter:

The full-bridge converter provides isolation from the ac line. The pulse-width modulation (PWM) control circuitry is referenced to the output ground, requiring a dedicated voltage rail to run the control circuits. The base drive voltages for the switch transistors have to be transformer-coupled because of the required isolation

Source:ElectronicDesign

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