Class 05: PCB - Aspect Ratio, Solder Mask, Silk Screen

Aspect Ratio, Solder Mask, Silk Screen:

• Aspect ratio one of the parameter to decide the PCB board thickness.
• If board using small diameter and board thickness is more means the aspect ratio range may not met and PCB is not manufacturable. 

• Solder Mask protect the circuits (Copper) from oxidation and accidental short and shock to the human.
• In general, most of the PCB using the Green color solder mask. Now a days solder mask available in the black, red and blue color also.

• Surface finish is coat over the exposed conductor. In general, coat over the pads of the components, coat over gold finger etc. (Coat over the exposed copper). 
• Gold finish is used for the high speed circuits/signals.

• Silkscreen is reference of the components on the board.
• Mainly it is used to identify the design components in the PCB, Connector pin orientation, diode and tantalum/bulk capacitor,DC power Jack orientation, etc.

If you have any questions please email: miycircuits@gmail.com

Class04: PCB Manufacturing Method

PCB Manufacturing Method:

• Photomask generated from the gerber file. 
• Circuit pattern will be applied over the copper foil through photosensitive material.

• Etching step remove the copper that is not the part of the circuit.

• Milling is another method to remove the unwanted copper.

• Once etching completed, vias will be made using drilling bits based on via diameter.
• Now a days, vias with small diameter is made using laser.

Class03 : PCB Material

PCB Material:

• Core - Copper foil layer @ both side of the insulating material. 
• It is available on standard thickness and size.

• Copper conductors are available on the standard thickness. 
• 2oz copper is used for high current application. 

• Core Insulators are standard dielectric material.Most commonly used one is FR4.
• For high speed application and high temperature resistant the suitable material can be selected.

Class02- Printed Circuit Board -PCB

Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

What is PCB ?

PCB Design Process: 

• PCB Design Process
• 
  
• PCB Layout and Schematic Tool Library Creation based on the design
• Schematic Entry
• Netlist Export
• Layout 
• Gerber Generation
• CAM and Manufacturing Check
• PCB Fabrication

• What is Gerber

PCB Assembly Structure:

• Major Structure in PCB
• PCB Core
• Dielectric Material
• PCB Copper Layer
• Circuit Layer
• Solder Paste
• Solder Mask
• Silk Screen

If you have any questions please email to miycircuits@gmail.com

Class 01 - High Speed Board Design Techniques

Tutorial on High Speed Board Design Techniques 

• In this tutorial the following topics will be discussed

• PCB manufacturing process
• PCB Design terminology
• Signal Transmission
• Differential Signalling 
• Signal Integrity
• PCB Layout Rule for Signal Integrity
• Constraint Manager and PCB Layout Checklist

Welcome to High Speed Board design Class !

FPGA in Electrical Engineering: 

The High Speed Design Classes are starting tomorrow.

The Following topics will be covered

• PCB Manufacturing methods
• PCB terminology
• Signal Transmission
• Differential transmission
• Signal Integrity
• Layout Techniques for signal integrity reduction
• Constraint Manager and high Layout review techniques

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MATLAB - Xilinx System Generator - Cont

Xilinx System Generator:

• Add te xilinx system generator in the simulink window.
• Add the ports that connect the simulink environmental variables to the xilinx system generator variables.Without those ports both blocks can't be mixed.

• Select the FPGA device/package
• Select the program - VHDL/Verilog
• Generate the project. Then open the project in Xilinx ISE to generate the Programming file.

If you have any questions please email : miycircuits@gmail.com

MATLAB - Xilinx System Generator

Xilinx System Generator:

• Xilinx having simulink related block set on the Xilinx System Generator Software.
• Install Xilinx System Generator or Latest ISE software.

Settings:

Simulink Window:

• If both software configured correctly, the xilinx blockset will appear under the Simulink.

If you have any question please email : miycircuits@gmail.com

FPGA Based Electrical Engineering Projects

FPGA Based Electrical Engineering Projects:

FPGA Based SM Speed Control:

FPGA Based Current Control in IM.

FPGA Based NN Based PWM implementation:

FPGA Based Fuzzy Controller Implementation:

Please email us if you have any questions : miycircuits@gmail.com

Serial ADC-DAC Implementation in FPGA

ADC-DAC Implementation in FPGA:

Source: Cosmic circuits

• To test the ADC-DAC read-write logic in FPGA, the above algorithm will be implemented in FPGA.
• Serial ADC-DAC is considered for the test. 
• Analog voltage sensed by the ADC is converted in to digital. The digital pattern is written to DAC through FPGA. 
• DAC - Analog voltage output should be same what ADC sensed @ the input.

ADC Read Operation:

• When CS selects goes low, the FPGA will start reading the serial data send by the ADC.

DAC Write Operation:

• When Sync signal goes low, FPGA write the digital data to the DAC. 

Waveforms:

ADC-CS and Serial Data

ADC-Serial Data and Serial Clock

DAC - Sync and Serial Data

  

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Class 18 : Multipulse SPWM - Inverter Design

FPGA Based Multipulse SPWM Generation:

• Multi-pulse generation concept shown above. Carrier and reference signal will be generated in any programming language to find out the number pulse and pulse width in each cycle.

• Once the pulse width timings are calculated from the program means enter those values in the VHDL code for one cycle and repeat the same for N number of times.

• Simulation results shows 5 pulse output. 

• SPWM output probed at the one of the FPGA I/O .it is connected to the inverter MOSFETs through the proper driver circuits.

If you have any questions please email miycircuits@gmail.com

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Class 17 - SPWM Generation - Inverter Control

SPWM Generation - Inverter Control

• Switches S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6 controlled PWM pulses.
• Because of number of lines on the program is not shown here.

Simulation Results:

• a1,a2 - on same leg ; similarly b1,b2 ; C1,C2 . a1,a2 generated with 180 deg phase shift.
• Put_hz - defines the carrier signal frequency
• put_ff - defines the reference signal frequency that decides the duty and pulse width.

Email us for any questions : miycircuits@gmail.com

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Class 16 : PID Controller VHDL Program

VHDL Program - Simple PID Controller:

• Kp,Ki,Kd values are determined through your system(process) to be controlled.
• The values can be calculated based on conventional calculation or through MATLAB program using the transfer function of the system or converter with PID controller in closed loop.
• Ref - is actual reference value the system we should achieve @ the output.

• Error is calculated with reference. 
• Proportional, Integral and derivative terms are calculated based on the Digital PID equation.
• Actual control value is calculated P+I+D
• Controllable error range is 0 to 255. Beyond this range controller reach the saturation.

Simulation Results:

PWM Control:

• In the given program, only voltage value taken as reference.

Closed Loop PWM control Simulation:

• In simulation, the pwm pulse widths are getting adjusted when error are beyond acceptable tolerance. check the signal pwm, yout.

If you have any questions please email: miycircuits@gmail.com